What to Compost: A Comprehensive Guide to Compostable Materials

​Composting is a fantastic way to reduce waste while enriching your garden or yard with nutrient-rich soil. However, knowing what can and cannot be composted can sometimes be confusing. In this guide, we’ll break down the materials you can compost, helping you make the most of this sustainable practice.

The Basics of Composting

​Before we dive into what to compost, let’s briefly review how composting works. Composting is a natural process that involves the breakdown of organic materials by microorganisms, earthworms, and other decomposers. By creating the right conditions—air, moisture, and a balance of “greens” and “browns”—you can turn kitchen scraps and yard waste into compost, a valuable amendment for your garden.

What to Compost

1. Greens (Nitrogen-Rich Materials)Greens are rich in nitrogen and are essential for microbial activity. Here are some great examples:

• Fruit and vegetable scraps: Peels, cores, and trimmings
• Coffee grounds: A great source of nitrogen (just remember to add them to the mix!)
• Eggshells: Rich in calcium; rinse before composting
• Grass clippings: Freshly mowed grass adds nutrients
• Plant trimmings: Non-diseased plants and weeds

2. Browns (Carbon-Rich Materials)Browns provide carbon, which balances the nitrogen from greens. Here are some compostable brown materials:

• Dry leaves: Shredded leaves break down more easily
• Cardboard and paper: Shredded cardboard, newspaper, and brown paper bags (avoid glossy or colored paper)
• Wood chips or sawdust: From untreated wood
• Straw or hay: Great for adding bulk and texture

3. Other Compostable ItemsIn addition to greens and browns, there are other items that can be composted:

• Houseplants: Remove any diseased or invasive species
• Hair and fur: Pet hair or human hair can be added in small amounts
• Natural fibers: Cotton or wool scraps (avoid synthetic materials)
• Used paper towels and napkins: If they’re free of chemicals and food residues
  

​What NOT to Compost

While composting is a fantastic way to reduce waste, there are some materials you should avoid:

• Meat and dairy products: These can attract pests and create odors.
• Oils and fats: Can lead to odor issues and attract unwanted animals.
• Cooked foods: Like meat, these can also create pest problems.
• Diseased plants: Avoid composting any plants that show signs of disease to prevent spreading it.
• Weeds with seeds: These can survive the composting process and sprout in your garden.

Tips for Successful Composting

• Balance Greens and Browns: Aim for a ratio of about 1 part greens to 3 parts browns for optimal decomposition.
• Chop Materials: Cutting or shredding materials can speed up the composting process.
• Keep it Aerated: Turn your compost pile regularly to provide oxygen, which helps the decomposition process.
• Moisture is Key: The compost pile should be moist but not soggy—think of a wrung-out sponge.

Final Thoughts

Composting is a rewarding practice that not only reduces waste but also enriches your garden. By understanding what to compost, you can create a thriving compost pile that benefits both your plants and the environment. Start small, experiment with different materials, and enjoy the process of turning your scraps into something valuable!
What are your favorite composting tips or materials? Share in the comments below!